mucociliary clearances การใช้

• High humidity enhances the functionality of the mucociliary clearance.
• ATP and adenosine are crucial regulators of mucociliary clearance.
• Optimum functionality of mucociliary clearance presupposes a temperature of and an relative humidity of 100 %.
• Impaired mucociliary clearance is linked to poor lung function in a broad range of diseases and disabilities.
• Important for good mucociliary clearance are the number of cilia, their structure, activity, and coordinated movement.
• Normal airway clearance is accomplished by 2 important mechanisms : the mucociliary clearance system and the ability to cough.
• Normally, the sinuses drain into the nasal cavity through small ostia, which permit mucociliary clearance and ventilation that equilibrates pressure.
• Two methods of supporting mucociliary clearance are the active and the passive respiratory gas humidification, which in particular are applied in mechanical ventilation.
• These pollutants damage human health by evading the mucociliary clearance system and depositing in the upper respiratory tract, where they exert toxic effects.
• As cilia cannot effectively move in a thick, viscous environment, mucociliary clearance is deficient and a buildup of mucus occurs, clogging small airways.
• :Agree with Tango; I just want to add a link to mucociliary clearance, which I was taught to call the " mucociliary escalator ".
• Relatively insoluble particles are ingested by macrophages and removed by mucociliary clearance or the lymphatic system, or they persist in the interstitial areas of the lung.
• Normally, cilia beat 7 to 22 times per second, and any impairment can result in poor mucociliary clearance, with subsequent upper and lower respiratory infection.
• After instillation into the lung, higher molecular weight hyaluronate appears to persist longer in the lung but if > 215 kD there was poor lung penetration and mucociliary clearance.
• Flushing the nasal cavity with salt water has been claimed to promote mucociliary clearance by moisturizing the nasal cavity and by removing encrusted material, although there is no clear evidence to support this.
• Whereas pseudoephedrine causes both vasoconstriction and increase of mucociliary clearance through its nonspecific adrenergic activity, phenylephrine's selective ?-adrenergic agonism causes vasoconstriction alone, creating a difference in their methods of action.
• The epithelial cells throughout the respiratory tract secrete epithelial lining fluid ( ELF ), the composition of which is tightly regulated and determines how well mucociliary clearance works . which in turn is coated with a layer of surfactant.
• Since the early 2000s, with the introduction of nasal cannula which uses heated humidification for respiratory gas humidification, flows above 6 LPM have become possible without the associated discomfort, and with the added benefit of improving mucociliary clearance.
• The passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs cilia are surrounded by mucus, or epithelial lining fluid ( ELF ), the composition of which is tightly regulated; the mucus helps maintain epithelial moisture and traps particulate material and pathogens moving through the airway . and determines how well mucociliary clearance works.
• :: : Yes, this research suggests that " " seasonal exposure to cold air causes an increase in the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections due to cooling of the nasal airway " " and " " inhalation of cold air causes cooling of the nasal epithelium, and . . . this reduction in nasal temperature is sufficient to inhibit respiratory defences against infection such as mucociliary clearance and the phagocytic activity of leukocytes . " ""